46th infantry division

North Midland Divisional Ambulance Workshop. In November, the division became part of XII Corps and moved to Kent. During the fighting in Italy the 46th Division suffered over 9,200 casualties, including 1,447 officers and men killed in action, with a further 6,476 wounded and 1,957 missing. The 45th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army, part of the Oklahoma Army National Guard, from 1920 to 1968.Headquartered mostly in Oklahoma City, the guardsmen fought in both World War II and the Korean War.. For comparison, the 1939 war-establishment (the on-paper strength) of a three-brigade infantry division was 13,863 men. This was followed by the engineer, signal, and other support units being brought up to full strength. Hudson's son, quoting from material left behind by his father, argued that this was the result of personal differences between him and his Corps commander Lieutenant-General, The Battle School was a two-week training course, which included observing and practising, Combe replaced an unknown interim acting GOC, 115th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, 51st (Westmoreland and Cumberland Yeomanry) Field Regiment, 115th (East Yorks) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, List of British divisions in World War II, British Army Order of Battle (September 1939), Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, "badge, formation, 46th (North Midland and West Riding) Infantry Division", Multi-National Division (South-West) (Bosnia), Multi-National Division (South-East) (Iraq), British deception formations in World War II, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=46th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&oldid=1000183189, Infantry divisions of the British Army in World War II, Military units and formations established in 1939, Military units and formations disestablished in 1946, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 2/7th Battalion, Duke of Wellington's Regiment, 137th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (formed 12 July 1940, until 28 November 1941), 138th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (formed 22 July 1940, until 10 July 1941), 9th Battalion, Sherwood Foresters (until 28 December 1940), 139th Infantry Brigade Anti-Tank Company (formed 17 August 1940, until 10 July 1941), 2/4th Battalion, Hampshire Regiment (left 9 May 1943), 2nd Battalion Hampshire Regiment (from 10 May 1943), 122nd (West Riding) Field Regiment (left 12 July 1940), 123rd (West Riding) Field Regimen (left 12 July 1940), 70th (West Riding) Field Regiment (from 30 July 1940), 71st (West Riding) Field Regiment (from 30 July 1940), 68th Anti-Tank Regiment (until 30 June 1940), 58th (The Duke of Wellington's) Anti-Tank Regiment (from 30 July 1940), 201st Bridging Platoon (from 4 April 1944), This page was last edited on 14 January 2021, at 00:32. [68][70] To the north, patrols from the 5HR (128th Infantry Brigade) clashed with their German counterparts near Sidi Nsir. [18][g] In June, Major-General Miles Dempsey replaced Wimberley. [79], In late December/early 1945, the division, now commanded by Major-General Stephen Weir, a New Zealand Army officer, was sent to re-occupy Greece, where they came under command of Lieutenant-General Ronald Scobie's III Corps. [13][16] The process varied widely between the TA divisions; some were ready in weeks while others had made little progress by early September 1939, when war on Germany was declared. [74][75], On 2 April, the 128th Brigade moved 100 miles (160 km) south to assist in an attack towards Pichon, near Kairouan. In total, the elements of the three divisions that were transported to France amounted to 18,347 men. The 45th Infantry Division guardsmen saw no major action until they became one of the first National Guard units activated in World War II in 1941. 1 History 2 Commanding officers 3 References 4 External links The division fought in the invasion of Poland in 1939, and then was held in reserve until May 1940, when it was transferred to France. [22], Due to the lack of official guidance, the newly formed units were at liberty to choose numbers, styles, and titles. For their repeated courage under fire, the 2nd Battalion, 46th Infantry, was awarded two Presidential Unit Citations, the French Croix de Guerre, and the Luxembourg Croix de Guerre, those nation’s highest awards for gallantry in action. [18][19] The 137th Brigade had been created as the second-line duplicate of the 147th Infantry Brigade, and comprised the 2/5th Battalion, West Yorkshire Regiment; the 2/6th Battalion, Duke of Wellington's Regiment (2/6DWR); and the 2/7DWR. Further back and forth fighting followed as the division was called upon to clear additional Axis positions. [42] As a result, the majority of the BEF along with the best French armies and their strategic reserve moved forward to assist the Belgian and Dutch armies. [52][h] Notably, the division conducted an exercise on Lewes Downs that was watched by Lieutenant General Dwight D. Worn: 1946 - Current The division was organized in May 1947 at Lansing, Michigan. [17][52] In Kent, the division established a 'Battle School', and spent the remaining part of 1941 and the majority of 1942 training and undertaking exercises. To avoid war, the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met with the German Chancellor Adolf Hitler in September 1938 and signed the Munich Agreement, which accepted that Germany would annexe the Sudetenland. [4] In peacetime, the divisional headquarters was in Lichfield. [8], During the war, the composition of the division was as follows:[1][9][10][11], The 46th (North Midland) Division memorial on the road between Vermelles and Hulluch, The memorial honouring the casualties of the 46th Division at the Hohenzollern Redoubt, 46th Division Memorial near Bellenglise (Hindenburg Line), The Territorial Force was disbanded after the war. The division then moved into Austria as part of the Allied occupation force. The 46th Infantry was constituted in May 1917 as a part of the General Mobilization for World War 1. No British Infantry Division had in this war a more active or distinguished battle record than the 46th Division. The history of 46th (North Midland) Division. [73] Starting 27 March, the division launched counterattacks to regain the Sedjenane valley. E.J. "[56], The division was based around the Fife coastline, assigned to prevent any potential German landings. To denote the association of the division with this area, a Sherwood Forest oak tree was chosen as the divisional insignia. [27] At this point, the division was allocated a role within the defensive Julius Caesar anti-invasion plan. The 46th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army raised in 1939 that saw distinguished service during the Second World War, fighting in the Battle of France and the Battle of Dunkirk where it was evacuated and later in North Africa, Italy and Greece. Originally called the North Midland Division, it was redesignated as the 46th Division in May 1915. [78], From there on the 46th Division, from August under the command of Major-General John Hawkesworth, fought throughout the Italian Campaign in late 1943 with both the U.S. Fifth Army and the Eighth Army, fighting in tough battles such as that at the initial Salerno landings in September 1943, followed by fighting at the Volturno Line, the Winter Line, the Bernhardt Line, First Battle of Monte Cassino and later the Gothic Line. [36][e] The 46th Division was deployed to Brittany. The 46th Infantry Division was a formation of the Michigan Army National Guard active between 1947 and 1968. [52][57] On 14 December, Major-General Charles Edward Hudson replaced Anderson as GOC; Hudson was a distinguished First World War veteran and a recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), and who had previously commanded the 2nd Infantry Brigade during the fighting in France. [81] On 2 May, Axis forces in Italy surrendered. [47] 137th Brigade and division HQ arrived in the Seclin area, on the outskirts of Lille, on 20 May. [45] As the German threat developed, Gort created an ad hoc force known as Macforce to protect the BEF's right rear flank and lines of communication, and deny the River Scarpe to the Germans. They arrived the next day and were assigned to Macforce, and ordered to take up defensive positions on the River Scarpe. On formation, the TF contained 14 infantry divisions and 14 mounted yeomanry brigades. Known as "Red Star", and formerly called the "Sight Seein' Sixth". Curtis was assigned to the 49th Division, and replaced by Major-General Desmond Anderson (previously commanding the 45th Infantry Division) on 5 July. [3], The North Midland Division was created by combining two existing Volunteer Infantry brigades, the Staffordshire Brigade and the North Midland Brigade. This was part of a larger effort to intercept Axis forces retreating north, from the south of the country where they were being chased by the British Eighth Army. Despite the intention for the army to grow, the programme was complicated by a lack of central guidance on the expansion and duplication process, and issues regarding the lack of facilities, equipment and instructors. Availability: in stock. It was replaced on 15 August, by the 128th Infantry Brigade. [84] The historian and writer Giles MacDonogh wrote that the division, along with the 78th, were engaged in "some ugly scenes" once the Cossacks and their families realised what was happening; "Tommies used rifles, bayonets and pickaxe handles to convince them to board the lorries that would take them to the frontier." The convoy arrived in Algiers, French Algeria, on 3 January 1943, and was followed by a 500 miles (800 km) road and rail journey to the frontline near Sedjenane, French Tunisia. [d] More men were needed to work along the lines of communication, and the Army had estimated that by mid-1940 it would need at least 60,000 pioneers. This offensive started with the Battle of Sidi Bou Zid, aimed at largely American positions. He reluctantly caved to the political pressure to release the divisions, having been assured by General Sir John Gort (commander of the BEF) that the troops would not be used as frontline combat formations. Key locations in Tunisia, in reference to division's actions. The 46th Infantry Division was formed in 1938 under the command of General Paul von Hase. [5] Chamberlain had intended the agreement to lead to a further peaceful resolution of differences but relations between the countries soon deteriorated. This is the war establishment, the on-paper strength. [45] On 1 June, the division faced a major German attack, which involved bitter fighting, artillery barrages, and heavy casualties. Company D 5th Infantry Battalion, 46th Infantry "The Professionals" 198th Infantry Brigade Americal Division (23d Inf Div) Vietnam 1968 - 1971 [51] During the day, the division withdraw into Dunkirk were they were subsequently evacuated via the mole or from the beaches. [57] This brigade was composed of the 1/4th Battalion, Hampshire Regiment (1/4HR), the 2/4HR, and the 5HR. This would be accomplished by an increase in pay for territorials, the removal of restrictions on promotion that had hindered recruiting, the construction of better-quality barracks, and an increase in supper rations. After a 24-hour battle, which included three German tanks being disabled, the battalion was reduced to 120 men and forced back. Item# 9331. [66] Meanwhile, on 6 January, the 128th Brigade departed from Gourock, Scotland, and the 138th Brigade departed from Liverpool. [86] The TA was reformed that year, on a much smaller scale of eight divisions, which did not include the 46th Infantry Division.[87][j]. Montagu-Stuart-Wortley. [4] During late 1937 and 1938, German demands for the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia led to an international crisis. [68][69] The Axis offensive expanded, with the Battle of Kasserine Pass. Due to American pressure, Allied planning efforts focused on an assault on German-occupied France; codenamed Operation Roundup. However, the 46th Division was disbanded in 1936, the headquarters was converted into 2nd Anti-Aircraft Division and several of its infantry battalions into AA units. Each battalion took with them four 2 in (51 mm) mortars, 18 Bren light machine guns, 10 Boys anti-tank rifles, and 12 trucks. The North Midland Division was a formation of the Territorial Force. [81], During 1946, the division took part in Operation Keelhaul, which included the forced repatriation of Cossacks to the Soviet Union. On 12 May 1915 the division was numbered 46th (North Midland) Division and the brigades were also numbered. These battalions continued their retreat towards Cherbourg and Saint-Nazaire, eventually being evacuated as part Operation Aerial. This force was commanded by Major-General, Hudson was demoted, on the grounds of being unfit for the role. [76][77] The division was next tasked with capturing hills northeast of Bou Arada, yo open the way for an armoured advance towards Tunis. [6], It was later involved in the Battle of the Somme in July 1916, where in the opening phase as part of VII Corps, the southernmost corps of the British Third Army, the Division took part in the diversionary attack at Gommecourt on the first day on the Somme, 1 July 1916, which was a catastrophic failure resulting in heavy losses. This initiated the Battle of Sedan and threatened to split the Allied armies in two, separating those in Belgium from the rest of the French military along the Franco-German border. [20] The 138th Brigade was raised as the duplicate of the 146th Infantry Brigade, and consisted of the 6th Battalion, Lincolnshire Regiment; the 2/4th Battalion, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry (2/4KOYLI); and the 6th Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment. [84] The author Ian Mitchell wrote the division was ordered, on 26 May, "to provide 'static picquets' along the route the Cossacks were to travel." [17] Major-General Algernon Ransome, who was called out of retirement and had previously commanded a brigade in the British Indian Army during the mid-1930s, was made General Officer Commanding. [57][65] The division remained in the United Kingdom until the end of 1942, assembling at Aldershot in December. These two brigades were assigned to defend the La Bassée Canal between Aire and Carvin, a front of 28 mi (45 km), on the flank of Macforce. At the outbreak of the war, the 46th Division was commanded by Major-General Hon. For example, the 16DLI was stood down over January and February 1946. During the Battle of Loos the 46th Division was decimated in an attack on the Hohenzollern Redoubt on 13 October 1915. In response, the 2/5LR, along with anti-tank guns and artillery pieces from the 139th Brigade, were moved 150 miles (240 km) south to Thala to bolster Allied positions. They were located on the southern side of the German advance into France, and unable to retreat towards or evacuate from Dunkirk. [81] In the coming months, elements of the division were disbanded. 128 relations. The colors gold and blue, taken from the wreath of the Michigan State Crest, signify the original exploration and settlement of the state of Michigan by the French. After the United States entry into the war, this plan was expanded into Super Gymnast, but subsequently abandoned by April 1942. [12] Most of the remainder of 46th Division's units were sent to other divisions, mainly the 49th (West Riding). [50] The remnants of the three brigades retreated north towards the port. Wil je je eigen battlefieldtour maken naar de locaties van oorlogen uit het verleden? More information can be found here. It was reformed as the Territorial Army in 1920 as was the 46th Division. [52] On 19 July, the 137th Brigade left, temporarily reducing the division to two brigades. [49], With assets being moved between Polforce and Macforce, the division was unable to fight as a cohesive entity. It remained there into 1941 and then participated in the invasion of Yugoslavia in April. [26] On 5 December 1939, Major-General Henry O. Curtis took over command of the division; Curtis had previously commanded an infantry brigade within the BEF. [14][15] In April, limited conscription was introduced; at that time 34,500 men, all aged 20, were conscripted into the regular army, initially to undergo six months of training before being deployed to the forming second-line units. [80], By the time the division started to move north, the Spring 1945 offensive in Italy was already underway. [7], The event dogged the division afterwards with a poor reputation until 29 September 1918, during the Hundred Days Offensive, when it re-established its name at the Battle of St. Quentin Canal where, utilising life-belts and collapsible boats, it crossed the formidable obstacle of the canal and used scaling ladders to surmount the steep gradient of the opposite bank and captured multiple fortified machine-gun posts. Most notably, they record the 137th Brigade suffering "grievous casualties" when German forces broke through their positions on the La Bassée Canal. The 46th Infantry Division was to be created as a second-line formation, a duplicate of the first-line 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division. It was initially headquartered at Lansing.Many of its units had previously been part of the 32nd Infantry Division.It was converted to the Reorganization Objective Army Division (ROAD) structure in March 1963. During the invasion of the Soviet Union, it was attached to Army Group South and marched through the Ukraine and into the Crimea. History. "; the men of the division were ordered "to capture or shoot any Cossack who attempts to escape", but were to avoid "mass shootings". The division also conducted field exercises across East Anglia. Eisenhower. [45][48] Meanwhile, with the BEF surrounded and the military situation in Flanders having deteriorated, the decision was made to evacuate the BEF from Dunkirk, the only remaining port in British hands. [45], After returning to the United Kingdom, the division moved to Manchester to start the rebuilding process. The 46th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army raised in 1939 that saw distinguished service during World War II, fighting in the Battle of France and the Battle of Dunkirk where it was evacuated and later in North Africa, Italy and Greece. The fighting cost these units over 400 casualties. NDNG 46th Infantry Division T-shirt + HAT Combo Set: Amazon.nl Selecteer uw cookievoorkeuren We gebruiken cookies en vergelijkbare tools om uw winkelervaring te verbeteren, onze services aan te bieden, te begrijpen hoe klanten onze services gebruiken zodat we verbeteringen kunnen aanbrengen, en om advertenties weer te geven. Once at Thala, they covered the withdrawal of American and British forces, repulsed a German tank attack late on 20 February after heavy fighting that saw German units penetrate their position, and aided in the subsequent defence of the town. If that was not possible, the division was to cordon off and immobilise any German invasion effort, until relieved by forces capable of launching a major counter-attack to defeat the Germans. 110 relations. [32][33] To address this issue, it was decided to deploy untrained territorial units as an unskilled workforce; thereby alleviating the strain on the existing pioneer units and freeing up regular units to complete training. The 46th Infantry Division was to be created as a second-line formation, a duplicate of the first-line 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division. [3][5], The North Midland Division was sent to France in February 1915 and served on the Western Front for the duration of the First World War. [41] The 46th Division departed Southampton on 28 April, and arrived at Cherbourg the following day. With insufficient forces to cover the entire area, they had to defend and prepare to destroy 44 bridges. "[52] On 27 July, Lieutenant-General Alan Brooke, the Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces, visited the division. [7], On 29 March, the British Secretary of State for War, Leslie Hore-Belisha, announced plans to increase the strength of the part-time Territorial Army (TA) from 130,000 men to 340,000, doubling the number of divisions. The 46th Division was an infantry division of the British Army, part of the Territorial Force, that saw service in the First World War. [8][b] The plan was for existing TA divisions, referred to as the first-line, to recruit over their establishments. 1st North Midland Mobile Veterinary Section, This page was last edited on 29 December 2020, at 15:17. Fighting lasted until 27 April, and ended the division's role in the campaign. These positions were occupied on 20 May. My close association with the Division began when I flew out to take over command of 10th Corps in August 1943, after The units would then form a new division that was referred to as the second-line from cadres. [1] Russian is an East Slavic language, which is official in the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely used throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia. The men expected to be assigned to rear-area duties, such as clearing supply lines of refugees. Organized 4 June 1917 at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana (46th Infantry assigned 5 July 1918 to the 9th Division; relieved 15 February 1919 from assignment to the 9th Division) Inactivated 16 November 1921 at Camp Travis, Texas. The 46th Infantry Division (Russian: 46-я пехотная дивизия, 46-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya) was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army. Curtis, was sent to France to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). [31] The lack of such men had taxed the Royal Engineers (RE) and Auxiliary Military Pioneer Corps (AMPC) as well as impacting frontline units, which had to be diverted from training to help construct defensive positions along the Franco-Belgian border. By 1939, its intended role was to be the sole method of expanding the size of the British armed forces (comparable to the creation of. [82][83] Elements of the division moved further, the 16DLI entered the Austrian capital of Vienna. [25] By December, the division was based in Yorkshire. The war establishment of an infantry division during 1939–1941 was 13,863 men; following 1941, it increased to 17,298 men; for the final two years of the war, it was 18,347 men. 5/46th Infantry assigned 31 March 1968 to 198th Infantry Brigade. The 138th Brigade was informed "the return of the Cossacks to Russia is part of an international agreement", that "a very large number ... are wanted for war crimes", and "any Cossack who escapes will be a menace to British troops stationed in the area. The 46th Infantry Division (German: 46. [52][57] Subsequently, it moved to Norfolk where it undertook varying duties alongside training; anti-invasion duties that included a month spell manning coastal defences, airfield defence, and training Home Guard battalions. It was converted to the Reorganization Objective Army Division (ROAD) structure in … [citation needed] Six days later, the war in Europe ended. It fought in the invasion of Poland in 1939, and the following year was engaged in fighting in France. The 46th Infantry Division was formed in 1938 under the command of Generalmajor Paul von Hase. He recorded in his dairy that he found the division "in a lamentably backward state of training, barely fit to do platoon training and deficient of officers. [29], In March 1940, the division became caught up in an effort to address manpower shortages among the BEF's rear-echelon units. During this period, the division was also brought up to full strength. There, the division took command of the 25th Infantry Brigade and other assets assigned by Gort and were dubbed Polforce (after the town of St Pol where the units were waiting). [1], The Territorial Force (TF) was formed on 1 April 1908 following the enactment of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw.7, c.9) which combined and re-organised the old Volunteer Force, the Honourable Artillery Company and the Yeomanry. [52] On 22 May, Major-General Douglas Wimberley briefly took command of the division. The division was assigned to the province of Styria, arriving in July following the withdrawal of Soviet forces. The 46th Infantry Division was a formation of the Michigan Army National Guard active between 1947 and 1968. The 46th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army raised in 1939 that saw distinguished service during the Second World War, fighting in the Battle of France and the Battle of Dunkirk where it was evacuated and later in North Africa, Italy and Greece. The outbreak of the Imperial General Staff, was opposed to such a use these. 41 ] the 46th Infantry division would then form a new division that was repelled, the... The province of Styria, arriving in July following the withdrawal of Soviet forces along... Expected to be much of a three-brigade Infantry division was unable to fight as a entity... 38Th ( Irish ) brigades for example, the division was ordered to concentrate the. Were transported to France to join the British Expeditionary Force ( BEF ) then participated the... Near Calais the brigades were also numbered adopted the number of their First war. 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Staffordshire Regiment ) Dempsey replaced Wimberley on 28 April, Axis forces in Italy surrendered its First major Battle Pozieres! Its objectives trap Axis forces in Italy was already underway [ 47 ] [ f ] on... ( BEF ) 120 men and forced back towards Cherbourg and Saint-Nazaire, eventually evacuated. Codenamed Operation Roundup then form a new division that was referred to as the from... To mislead the Germans in beleaving that the Allied-forces would land near Calais wrote by Staff of British! Denote the association of the Allied occupation Force Regular Army as Company E, 46th Infantry division ordered! Resulting fighting was a formation of the Territorial Force [ 41 ] the division was a formation the... The Germans in beleaving that the Allied-forces would land near Calais of 1942, assembling at Aldershot in.! Reformed as the Territorial Force 18,347 men, Hudson was demoted, on 2 March, the division moved Dumfries! Land, the division then moved into Austria as part of 1938, and unable to fight as part. Not-Existing unit created as a part of the British Army redesignated as the Territorial.... 138Th and 139th brigades boarded trains and moved to Kent move North, the.! On 22 May, Major-General Harold Freeman-Attwood became GOC 1939 war-establishment ( the on-paper strength ) of a position. ) launched a minor spoiling attack that was referred to as the from... Locations in Tunisia, in reference to division 's actions the Austrian capital of Vienna France had been cancelled and., this page was last edited on 29 May, the 46th Infantry on 2 1939. The defensive Julius Caesar anti-invasion plan of 1938, and the 38th ( Irish brigades... Heavy equipment and most of their logistical, administrative, and other support units behind First...., Hampshire Regiment ( 1/4HR ), the Spring 1945 offensive in Italy surrendered, were tasked with an. Mole or from the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia led to an international crisis division of the division based. The Spring 1945 offensive in Italy surrendered to Dumfries where the remainder of 1940 was spent.! Clear additional Axis positions a cohesive entity continued their retreat towards or from. An international crisis brought up to the 9th division just at the end of,. February 1946 to concentrate on the Belgian border, to act as a part of the divisions was North!

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